Abacus: The word abacus
is derived from the Greek word abakos which means a board or calculating
tables. Beads are strung on wires or strings held in a frame and they are slid
along the wires counting, adding, etc. It was invented by the Chinese in 3000
BC, which was later improved by the Egyptians and the Greeks.
Abbreviation: Abbreviation
means a shortened form of a word or phrase used for brevity in place of the
whole, consisting of the first letter of word(s), or the first few letters of
word(s), followed by a period (full stop). The abbreviations are generally used
to save time and space.
Above the Fold: The upper half
of a document printed or online that appears higher on the page than the
horizontal fold. Articles placed near the top have greater prominence because
most languages are read from top to bottom of the writing / reading surface.
Abridgement: Abridgement is
a shortened version or edition of a work that preserves the overall meaning and
manner of presentation of the original but omits the less important passages of
text and usually any illustrations, notes, and appendices. The abridged edition
is generally intended for readers unlikely to purchase the unabridged version
because of its length, complexity or price.
Abstract: An abstract is
a brief summary of the points in an article or a source of information that
summarize, classifies, evaluates or describes the important points of a text,
article, book, speech, etc.. It enables the reader to quickly determine whether
reading the entire text might satisfy the specific information need or not.
Abstracting and
Indexing (A & I):
A & I is a category of database that provides bibliographic citations and
abstracts of the literature of a discipline or subject area.
Academic
Freedom:
Academic freedom depicts the freeness of the staff employed at institutions of
higher education to express their views and teach in the manner of their own
choosing, without pressure or interference from administration, religious body
or from politics.
Academic
Library:
The library present in the educational institutions to provide its service to
meet the information and research needs of its students, research scholars,
faculty, and staff.
Academic Status: Academic status
means the recognition at par with the teaching staff of the institution of
higher education in terms of ranks, titles, rights and benefits including
tenure, promotion, and the right to participate in governance.
Acceptable Use
Policy (AUP):
An Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) is a set of rules applied by the owner, creator
or administrator of a network, website, or service, that restrict the ways in
which the network, website or system may be used and sets guidelines as to how
it should be used.
Access: The means or
opportunity to approach or enter a place. It also means obtaining or retrieving
a data or file from a database or a computer.
Access Point: It is the name,
heading or code used in bibliographic records as a point of entry or search or
browse an organized file or database or library materials.
Accession: Accession means
to record the bibliographic details of an item in an accession register or list
or an addition of an item to already built collection.
Accession
Number: A
serial number assigned to an item in the order in which it is added to the
accession register or list of already built collection.
Accompanying
Material:
A related but physically distinct material which is a part of the main material
or book.
Accountability: The extent to
which a person can be held responsible and answerable for their conduct and
quality of their performance of assigned duties and such others in a workplace.
Acid-free Paper: It is a paper
which if infused in water yields a neutral or basic pH 7 neutral or slightly
greater alkaline.
Acknowledgments:
It
is the acceptance or giving due
recognition of the importance or quality of something which is achieved.
Acquisitions: Acquisitions is
the process of selecting, negotiating the pricing, ordering and receiving the
library materials or resources through purchase, exchange or as a gift.
Acronym: An abbreviation
formed from the initial letters of other words that are parts of a phrase or
compound term and pronounced as a single word to save time and provide mnemonic
value.
Added Entry: It is a
secondary entry additional to the main entry usually under a heading for a
joint author, title, subject, series, illustrator or translator, by which an
item is represented in a library catalogue.
Addendum: It is the
matter included in a book after the text has been set. It is printed separately
and is inserted at the beginning or end of the text.
Addition: It is the
simple extension of an existing array or the action or process of adding
something to something else.
Allonym: A false name,
especially the name of some person assumed by an author to conceal identity or
gain credit, an alias, a pseudonym.
Almanac: An almanac is a
publication that includes information such as data and statistics relating to
countries, personalities, events and subject such as weather forecasts,
farmers’ planting dates, tide tables and tabular information often arranged
according to the calendar.
Analog
Computer: An analog computer
receives inputs that are instantaneous representation of variable quantities
and produce output results dynamically to a graphical display device, a virtual
display device or in case of a control system, a device which causes mechanical
motion. Example includes Analog clock, Speedometer, etc.
Analytical
Entry:
A bibliographic record for a part of a publication such as a part of a book, or
an individual volume of a multi-volume work or monographic series, where each
volume has its own unique title.
Annotated Bibliography: An annotated
bibliography is a bibliography that gives a summary of the source’s central
idea(s) of each of the entries and an evaluation of the source.
Annotation: An annotation
is explanatory or critical note or commentary to a text. It is a brief note,
usually no longer than a few sentences, added after a citation in a
bibliography to describe or explain the content or message of the work cited or
to comment on it.
Annual: This is a type
of serial publication which is issued once a year.
Anonymous: A work in which
the author’s name doesn’t appear or cannot be traced with certainly in
catalogues, bibliographies or any other reliable source.
Anthology: A collection of
extracts from the works of various authors, usually in the same genre or about
the same subject or from the works of an individual author selected for
publication in a single volume or in a multi volume set. Anthologies are often
limited to a specific literary form (short stories, poetry, plays) or to a
national literature, theme, time period or category of author.
Appendix: A group of
supplementary or complementary information or material appended to a text that
usually related to the material in the main part of the text but not so closely
related to it that it should be put into the main text.
Archive: A place in
which historical documents and other records which are of value to meet a set
aim or goal are systematically organized and preserved. The archival material
may or may not be open to the public.
Atlas: An atlas is a collection
of maps of Earth or a region of Earth or other planets and their satellites in
the Solar System.
Authentication: In online
system, the procedure for verifying the integrity of a transmitted message is
known as authentication. It can also be a security procedure designed to verify
that the authorization code entered by a user to get access to a network or
system is valid.
Author: An originator
of a creative work, particularly a writer of a text.
Authority
Control:
Authority control is a process that organizes bibliographic information by
using a single, distinct spelling of a name (heading) such as author names and
book titles or a numeric identifier for each topic to enable greater efficiency
in referencing.

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