1. Introduction: In the words of the European
Association for Machine Translation (EAMT): Machine translation (MT) is the
application of computers to the task of translating texts from one natural
language to another. The output of the machine translation, if not perfect, is
of sufficient quality to be useful in a number of specific domains.
One of the
oldest machine translation companies is SYSTRAN, founded by Dr. Peter Toma in
1968. Current machine translation software often allows for customisation by
domain or profession - improving output by limiting the scope of allowable
substitutions. Improved output quality can also be achieved by human
intervention: for example, some systems are able to translate more accurately
if the user has unambiguously identified which words in the text are names.
With the assistance of these techniques, MT has proven useful as a tool to
assist human translators, and in some cases can even produce output that can be
used as is. However, current systems are unable to produce output of the same
quality as a human translator, particularly where the text to be translated
uses casual language.
2. Google Translate: Google Translate
(https://translate.google.com) is a free, multilingual statistical
machine-translation service provided by Google Inc. to translate written text
from one language into another. Google Translate instantly translates text and
web pages from one language to another language. Presently Google Translate
supports 90 major languages of the world. Google Translate offers a web
interface, mobile interfaces for Android and iOS, and an API that developers
can use to build browser extensions, applications, and other software. For some
languages, Google Translate can pronounce translated text, highlight
corresponding words and phrases in the source and target text, and act as a
simple dictionary for single-word input. If “Detect language” is selected, text
in an unknown language can be identified.
In the web
interface, users can suggest alternate translations, such as for technical
terms, or correct mistakes. These suggestions are included in future updates to
the translation process. If a user enters a URL in the source text, Google
Translate will produce a hyperlink to a machine translation of the website. For
some languages, text can be entered via an on-screen keyboard, handwriting
recognition, or speech recognition.
Google
Translate, like other automatic translation tools, has its limitations. The
service limits the number of paragraphs and the range of technical terms that
can be translated, and while it can help the reader to understand the general
content of a foreign language text, it does not always deliver accurate
translations.
3. Bing Translator: Bing Translator
(http://www.bing.com/translator/) is a translation portal provided by Microsoft
as part of its Bing services to translate texts or entire web pages into
different languages. All translation pairs are powered by the Microsoft
Translator, a statistical machine translation platform and web service,
developed by Microsoft Research, as its backend translation software. As of
November 2015, Bing Translator offers translations in 52 different language
systems.
4. Babelfish (https://www.babelfish.com): Babelfish is a
free online translator for users to translate phrases and sentences from one
natural language to the other. It is a SaaS-based multilingual translation
portal.
5. Apertium (http://www.apertium.org): Apertium
(http://www.apertium.org) is a rule-based free and open source machine
translation platform released under GNU General Public License.
6. Conclusion: Machine translation (MT) is a
sub-field of computational linguistics that investigates the use of computer
software to translate text or speech from one natural language to another. At
its basic level, MT performs simple substitution of atomic words in one natural
language for words in another. Using corpus techniques, more complex
translations may be attempted, allowing for better handling of differences in
linguistic typology, phrase recognition, and translation of idioms, as well as
the isolation of anomalies. Although there is no system that provides the
holy-grail of “Fully automatic high quality machine translation” (FAHQMT), many
systems provide reasonable quality output.
How to Cite this
Article?
APA Citation, 7th Ed.: Barman, B. (2020). A comprehensive book on Library and Information Science. New
Publications.
Chicago 16th Ed.: Barman, Badan. A Comprehensive Book on Library and Information Science. Guwahati:
New Publications, 2020.
MLA Citation 8th Ed: Barman, Badan. A Comprehensive Book on Library and Information Science. New
Publications, 2020.

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