1. Introduction: Search
Engine Optimization (SEO) or Search Engine Optimizer means the act of altering
the website so that it may rank well for particular terms, especially with
crawler-based search engines. It is the process of identifying factors in a
webpage which would impact search engine accessibility to it and fine-tuning
the elements of a website so it can achieve the highest possible visibility
when a search engine responds to a relevant query.
Using even a
few Search Engine Optimization techniques can drastically improve the ranking
of the website in search engine and attract a large number of users towards the
website. It is the most powerful way than any other to improve the user-base of
any kind of websites. If implied cautiously, it alone can justify the cost spend
on design and development of a website.
2. Importance of Search Traffic: There are 3,881,737,543 Internet Users in the world till
March, 2018 (Internet Live Stats, 2018) and almost all users depend on the search engine
to locate their information over the web. To be simple, the main source of
traffic of any website comes from the search engine and perhaps the least comes
directly by entering the website address in the address box of the browser and
the referral from social network used to remain in between. The users only able
to use the websites or the website provide a value addition to his/her
knowledge only when the search engine able to retrieve it, otherwise it remains
hidden within the crores of other related websites. Further, if the website is
not found by using the search engine, users consider that the website does not
exist.
3. Importance of First Page Ranking and No. 1 Position: According to Chitika (2013) “A website with the first position in the
search results contributed to 33% of the traffic, compared to 18% for the
second position”. The third result used to receive 11.4%, the 4th
one 8.1% and the 5the one 6.1%. The drop in traffic from one page to another
one is even more significant. While the 10th results receive 2.4%
traffic, the 11the one receives 1.0% traffic. A comparison of the statistics
shows that the 1st result in the search engine result list receive
almost double traffic than that of the second one and retrieving the website by
the search engine beyond top ten results yields almost null result as 75% of
Internet users never scroll past the first page of search results (Kagan,
2011). That is why, ranking higher in a search engine
is a prime importance for the webmaster otherwise all hard work will be of no
use as the intended user will not be able to locate the website. This is the
reason why every webmaster should try to avoid being the last on the search
engine response list and giving his/her effort to being the first, what others
on the web are trying to be.
4. Why Search Engine Optimization Means Google
Optimization: Google has dominated the search
engine market, maintaining an 87.1 percent market share in December 2017 (The
Statistics Portal, 2018). According to the NETMarketShare
(2018), for the period of January, 2018 to February, 2018, Google has the
market share of 72.26% search traffic and Baidu (13.37%), Bing (7.84%) and
Yahoo - Global (4.60%). So, in simple, search engine optimization means Google
optimization.
5. Need of Search Engine Optimization: The need of search engine optimization for the any kind
of website whether it is a digital library, institutional repository or simply
a website can be looked from the following angles-
a) Website to be Found by the User: The popularity of the search engine grows to the level
that more than half of all visitors to a website now come from a search engine
rather than from a direct link or from a link from another webpage or social
media. So, the need of search engine optimization appears in the phrase - there
is no need to develop a website if it is difficult for the user to find it
through search engines.
b) Search Engine is the Major Source of Website Traffic: In any kind of websites, the majority of web
traffic comes through the major commercial search engines like Google, Bing,
and Yahoo!. Although the traffic comes from direct hits, social media and other
directory websites but they are negligible in comparison to the traffic from
the search engine. So, there is an immense need for SEO.
c) To Justify the Expenditure: If the website can get top
rankings for keywords that match the content then there is a guaranteed to have
a large number of visitors. It means yielding a result of the hard work on
designing and developing a website. If anyone has to justify the expenditure on
the website, then the increased website traffic will do it. If anyone selling
something or displaying advertisement in the website then they can transfer
this traffic into the profit.
d) To Show the Expertise as a Good Webmaster: The emergence of the web 2.0 technologies made it
possible for anyone to have a website within an hour. However, if a particular
website does not appear in the top 10 search engine result list for a
particular keyword or search terms then it is consider as a fault of the
webmaster(s) or the person(s) who develop the website rather than the fault of
the search engines.
6. Search Engine Optimization Ways Recommended by Google:
Even the person who claims to know about the search
engine optimization techniques then he/she only knows half of it. However, at
least we have to do something that likely to improve the ranking of our website
in the search engine rather than to remain ideal. Some of such ways are
mentioned in the “Google’s Search Engine Optimization (SEO) Starter
Guide” and are listed below for ready reference. If
they are followed properly, they likely to bring positive effect on the
search engine ranking of a website and can drastically improve the number of
web hits received by a previously non-optimized website. It can simply bring
more users towards the website.
a) Short and Unique Page Title Within <title>
</title> Tag: To be listed a page
by the search engine, it is a good practice to include the title of a
particular document inside the <title> </title> tag. The title
should reflect the page contents. According to the new XML and XHTML standards
<title> must be the very first tag in the <head> section of every
document. The title can include the title of the Website and a few focus areas
or offerings. When the document appears in a search results page, the contents
of the title tag will usually appear in the first line of the results. Again,
when the user will visit the page, the page’s title will appear at the top of
the browser.
Positive Points to
Consider
i) The title page
ideally should not be more than 70 characters long or consisting
of 10 words in maximum whichever is less as because Google generally display
only upto 70 character in maximum in search result from title page.
ii) The title should
effectively reflect the page’s content.
iii) Each page of the
website should have a unique title.
iv) The title should
be short, but informative.
Points to Avoid
i) Choosing a title
that has no relation to the page’s content.
ii) Choosing formless
titles like “Page 1”, “9876”, etc.
iii) Choosing a
single title tag to a large number of pages.
iv) Choosing long
titles.
v) Stuffing unneeded
keywords in title tags.
Recommended Example
<title>Gauhati
University Digital Library – Free Journals, Free Book, Thesis</title>
b) Short Summary of the Webpage within “description” meta
tag: The summary of the page should be mentioned in a single
or two sentences within the <meta /> tag. The <meta /> tag should
be placed after the <head>, <title> and </title> tag, but
before closing </head> tag. Google might use the text mentioned within
the <meta /> tag as snippets for the pages.
Positive Points to
Consider
i) In the meta tag
only include the summary of the webpage.
ii) Write the summary
of the webpage to inform and create interest among the users.
iii) Writing
different meta tag for different pages of the website is advisable.
Points to Avoid
i) Writing a
description meta tag that has no relation to the content on the page.
ii) Writing generic
descriptions like “This is a web page”.
iii) Filling the
description with only keywords.
iv) Writing very long
description meta tag.
v) Writing a single
description meta tag for a large group of pages.
Recommended Example
<meta
name=“description” content=“Digital Library of Gauhati University offer the
free online access to Journals, Books and Thesis.”>
c) Descriptive Name for Directories and Sub-Directories: Providing a descriptive directory or sub-directory name
will help the search engine and users with a “friendlier” URL. It also informs
the search engine what the target directory is all about.
Positive Points to Consider
i) Try using your
directory structure to indicate the type of content found at that URL.
ii) Provide the name
of the directory or sub-directory so that it can be used as an Anchor text.
Points to Avoid
i) Creating confusing
and unfriendly directory or sub-directory name.
ii) A hierarchical
level of more than two sub-directories.
iii) Using directory
names that have no relation to the content in them.
Recommended Example
article- to include
article related to anything.
d) Short Keyword Based URL:
The URL with relevant words provides users and search engines with more
information about the page. The URL to a document is also displayed as part of
a search result in Google just below the document's title and snippet.
Positive Points to
Consider
i) Use relevant
keywords in URLs
ii) Make URLs shorter
iii) Use lower case
in the URL.
iv) Use one URL to
link to internal pages and for the other user who used to refer to you.
Points to Avoid
i) Using lengthy URLs
with unnecessary information.
ii) Choosing generic
page names like “page1.html”.
iii) Using excessive
keywords in URL.
iv) Accessing same
pages from subdomains and the root directory.
v) Using odd
capitalization of URLs.
Recommended Example
free-electronic-journals-in-management.html
e) Easy Navigation Structure: Providing an easy navigation structure will help the user
in finding their interested resources quickly and effectively and it also liked
by the search engines. If the website has many pages, organizing them into a
structure can be a good. If possible, a ‘breadcrumb lists” will be an added
advantage. A breadcrumb is a row of internal links at the top or bottom of the
page that allows visitors to quickly navigate back to a previous section or the
home page.
Positive Points to Consider
i) Add navigation
pages when it makes sense.
ii) Effectively use
the navigation into the internal link structure of the website.
iii) Allow users to
go to an upper directory by removing the last part of the URL.
iv) Use text for
navigation instead of images and animation.
Points to Avoid
i) Don’t create a
complex navigation structure.
ii) Removing a last
portion of the URL should not produce a 404 error.
iii) To arrive at the
required information user should not go through more than three clicks.
iv) Avoid drop down
for the menus.
Recommended Example
thesis/web2.0.html
f) Prepare two sitemaps- One for User and Another for
Search Engine: A sitemap displays the structure
of the website in a hierarchical listing so that the visitors may visit the
page if they are having problems finding pages on the website. To better
optimize the website, it may have two sitemaps-one HTML sitemaps for the user
and another XML sitemaps for the search engines.
Positive Points to
Consider
i) A sitemap with
links to all the pages or most important pages of the website.
Points to Avoid
i) HTML sitemap page
with broken links.
ii) HTML sitemap that
simply lists pages without organizing them.
Recommended Example
It is difficult to provide an
example of a sitemaps. However, one can use https://code.google.com/p/googlesitemapgenerator/ to generate a sitemap in Google compatible form.
g) Have a Useful 404 Page: Users
may occasionally come to a page that doesn’t exist on the website, either by
following a broken link or typing a wrong URL. In such cases, having a custom
404 page that guides users back to a working page on the website can be
helpful.
Positive Points to
Consider
i) 404 page may lead
to the Home page of the website.
Points to Avoid
i) Displaying only a
vague message like “Not found”, “404”, etc.
ii) Using a design
for 404 pages that isn’t consistent with the rest of the website.
Recommended Example: Google provides a 404 widget
(http://googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.com/2008/08/make-your-404-pages-more-useful.html)
that one can be embeded in the 404 page to automatically populate it with many
useful features. One recommended example may be as follows-
The
Page you are looking for does not exist in our Website. Kindly Click Here to go to the Home page of
the Website or Search in the Search Box to locate your information.
h) Unique and Quality Information will Increase the
Recognition on their Own: The quality content
much influenced the webpage visibility in search engine, so, much emphasis
should be given to develop informative and useful article. It has more power
than any other search engine optimization techniques. When users will find good
content they likely to want to direct other users to it by way of sharing it
through Email, social media, forum post, blog posts and so on. Again, “Users
often leave Web pages in 10-20 seconds, but pages with a clear value
proposition can hold people's attention for much longer” (Nielsen, 2011a).
i) Appropriately Including Few Relevant Keywords within
Content: The webmaster(s) should try to include few relevant
keywords including acronym that likely to be used by the user in locating the
webpage appropriately in a natural way within the content itself.
Points to Avoid
i) Overwhelming
insertion of keywords (index spamming through overfilled keywords).
ii) Deceptively
hiding keywords from users, but displaying it to search engines.
Recommended Example
Google AdWords
provides a handy Keyword Tool that helps one to discover keyword variations and
see the approximate search volume for each keyword.
j) Writing Easy to Read Content: Users like the content that is well written and easy to
follow.
Points to Avoid
i) Text with spelling
and grammatical mistakes.
ii) Embedding text
within images.
k) Writing Organized Content: The topic may be divided into division and sections to
helps users find the content they want faster.
Points to Avoid
i) Dumping large amounts
of text on varying topics onto a page.
ii) Text without
paragraph, subheading, or layout separation.
l) Continuously Creating New Content: Creating new content on regular basis will attract the
existing user as well as new user to visit the website.
Points to Avoid
i) Copying existing
content to create new content.
ii) Duplicate and
near duplicate content.
m) Creating good Anchor Tag: Anchor
text is the clickable text that users will click or see to arrive at a new
webpage and is placed within the anchor tag <a href="...">
</a>. Links on the page maybe internal—pointing to other pages on your
site—or external—leading to content on other sites. In both cases, good anchor
texts provide hints to the user as well as search engines about the content.
Positive Points to
Consider
i) Using the anchor
texts that accurately describe the content.
ii) The anchor text
should provide a basic idea of what the page linked to is all about.
iii) Write concise
text.
Points to Avoid
i) Writing generic
anchor text like “page”, “article”, or “click here”.
ii) Writing long
anchor text.
iii) Using text that
is off-topic or has no relation to the content of the page linked to.
Recommended Example
<a
href="http://www.ugcnetguide.com/how-to-prepare-for-ugc-net-exam.html">
How to Prepare for UGC NET Examination </a>.
n) Link Should Look Like Link to the User and Search Engine: Format the links in such a way so that they are
easy to spot by the user and the search engines.
Points to Avoid
i) Using CSS or text
styling that make links look just like regular text.
ii) Link look like
text and so users miss the links.
iii) Accidentally
clickable links.
o) Use Anchor Text for Internal Links Too: Paying more attention to the anchor text used for
internal links can help users and Google navigate your website better.
Points to Avoid
i) Using excessively
keyword-filled or lengthy anchor text just for search engines.
ii) Creating
unnecessary links that don't help with the user's navigation of the website.
p) Distinct File Name for Image: Provide an accurate file name of the image that you are
uploading to the website.
Positive Points to
Consider
i) Short and
descriptive filename.
Points to Avoid
i) Using generic
filenames like "image1.jpg", "pic.gif", "1.jpg".
ii) Writing long
filenames.
q) Image Related Information should be Included Within
<alt> Attribute: Whenever the image
<img /> is inserted in the HTML document, it is good to consider
inserting the alt=“” attribute and provide a hints what the image is all about.
If you're using an image as a link, the alt text for that image becomes a must
and will be treated similarly to the anchor text of a text link by search
engines. Again, if a user is viewing your site on a browser that doesn't
support images, or is using a screen reader, the contents of the alt attribute
provide information about the picture.
Positive Points to
Consider
i) Short and
descriptive alt tag.
Points to Avoid
i) Creating images
for links in navigation when text links could serve the same purpose.
ii) Stuffing keywords
into alt text or copying and pasting entire sentences.
iii) Using only image
link as navigation.
r) Store Image Files in Specialized Directories: Instead of having image files spread out in numerous
directories and subdirectories across the website, consider including them into
a single directory.
Positive Points to
Consider
i) Use commonly
supported file types like JPEG, GIF, PNG, and BMP.
ii) The extension of
the filename should match with the file type.
Recommended Example
http://www.lislinks.com/photos
s) Supply an Image Sitemap file: An Image Sitemap file with structure similar to XML
Sitemap can provide search engines with more information about the images found
on the website.
t) Include <h1> to <h6> tag appropriately: Search engines used the heading tags as clues to what a
page is about, so, if you are writing anything, fragment it into some
parts-heading and sub-heading and use the <h1> to <h6> tag. If the
words you want to be found for are in header tags, you have an increased chance
of appearing in searches for those words. The <h1>, the most important,
and ending with <h6>, the least important. On a page containing a news
story, we might put the name of our site into an <h1> tag and the topic
of the story into an <h2> tag.
Positive Points to
Consider
i) Use heading tags
where it makes sense.
Points to Avoid
i) Don’t put text in
heading tags.
ii) Excessively using
heading tags throughout the page.
iii) Using heading
tag for styling text and not presenting structure.
ii) Don’t use heading
tags where tags like <em> and <strong> may be more appropriate.
u) Make Effective Use of robots.txt: A "robots.txt" file tells search engines
whether they can or cannot access the parts of your site. This file, must be
named "robots.txt", and should be placed in the root directory of
your site. Kindly note that if your site uses subdomains and you wish to have
certain pages not crawled on a particular subdomain, you'll have to create a
separate robots.txt file for that subdomain.
Points to Avoid
i) Allowing search
result pages to be crawled.
ii) Allowing URLs
created as a result of proxy services to be crawled.
Recommended Example
Google Webmaster
Tools has a friendly robots.txt generator (http://googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.com/2008/03/speaking-language-of-robots.html)
to help you create this “robots/txt” file.
v) Be Aware of rel="nofollow" for Links: Setting the value of the "rel" attribute of a
link to "nofollow" will tell search engines that the links shouldn't
be followed or pass your page's reputation to the pages linked to. Linking to
sites that search engine considers spammy can affect the reputation of your own
site.
Positive Points to
Consider
i) When you don't
want to pass your site's reputation to others, use nofollow.
ii) Automatically
Nofollowing the links within the text of user comment should be ensured.
iii) Turn on CAPTCHAs
and comment moderation.
iv) When needed use
<meta name="robots" content="nofollow"> in the
document.
w) Notify Search Engine of Mobile sites: The World is day-by-day going towards a mobile-based
environment. The result for the same search query in desktop and mobile phones
are quite different. So, when you have a mobile site, it is important to check whether
your website is listed in the search queries coming from mobile phones or not
by using the “site: operator”. “Nearly 40 percent of social media users access
social media content from their mobile phone” Nielsen (2011b).
Positive Points to
Consider
i) Verify that Search Engine can recognize your mobile
URLs: The search engine checks each mobile URL to know whether
they are viewable on a mobile device or not. Pages that are not viewable are
excluded to appear in the search results of mobile devices. This determination
is based on a variety of factors, one of which is the “Doc Type
Definition" (DTD) declaration.
ii) Creation of a Mobile Sitemap: If you are having a mobile website, you should also have
a Mobile Sitemap.
iii) Providing Access to the Search Engine to the Mobile
Site: Some mobile sites refuse access to anything but mobile
phones, making it impossible for search engine to crawl the site, and therefore
making the site unsearchable. One can provide access to Google crawler for
mobile sites by inserting the text “SetEnvIf User-Agent
"Googlebot-Mobile" allow_ua”.
iv) Redirect user to the Correct Version: Sometimes when users access the website from mobile
phone, they used to see the desktop version and vice versa. In redirecting the
user, kindly note that the content on the corresponding mobile/desktop URL
matches as closely as possible. Again, the mobile user should be able to access
the desktop version when it unable to display the full content of the website
and vice versa.
v) Submit the Mobile Sitemap to Search Engine: Notify the search engine about the existence of mobile
sites especially to Google by way of submitting it through Google Webmaster
Tool.
Points to Avoid
i) If you fail to
configure your site correctly, your site could be considered to be cloaking,
which can lead to your site disappearing from the search results.
x) Creation of Incoming Links / in-links from Quality
Websites: To make use of any website it is very much important
that it rank high for an immense number of searches in some general purpose
search engine. Google’s PageRank algorithm helps rank web sites according to
the number of in-links, and the calculated authority of each site providing the
in-link. The website back link will gradually increase with time. The quality
back link will increase the reputation of the website. So, if webmaster takes
necessary steps to include his/her site in some other web sites with more
authority then probability is there that the site rank higher.
In
determining the rank, “Google interprets a link from page A to page B as a vote
by page A for page B. Votes cast by pages that are themselves important weigh
more heavily and help to make other pages important” (Google, 2017b).
“A
high PageRank will only make it probable that your page will rank highly. Other
factors play a role that may negate a high PageRank” (Evans, 2007) as the
PageRank is not the only determining factor used by Google in ranking its
results. Google now claims to be using more than 200 “signals” when determining
the rank of a page, with thousands of machines involved in the ranking process
for every query which equal to that of human in terms of judgment.
Positive Points to
Consider
i) Making an Announcement through Blog: The
incoming link also can be created by announcing the launch of the website
through a blog post.
ii) Submitting the Site to Directory:
The webmaster should add the URL to as many online directories as possible.
Adding the site URL to About Us (https://aboutus.com), Best of the Web (https://botw.org), Curlie (http://curlie.org) can be considered as must. These directories may be
used by the search engines as one of their ranking factors.
iii) Announcement
through Mailing List that have Archive:
The announcement of the launching of the webpage through some mailing list of
the subject to inform its potential users are a good way to publicize it. The
mailing lists can be obtained by searching in the Goolge Groups
(http://groups.google.com/), Yahoo! Group (https://in.groups.yahoo.com),
Facebook Groups (https://www.facebook.com/groups) and so on.
Posting
the news about the launching of the website over mailing list hopes to give two
ways benefit. Firstly, it will inform all the member of the group about the
URL, secondly it will create incoming link if the group have the provision of
online archive.
iv) Inclusion of the
website in some related articles of Wiki.
v) Sharing the launch
of the website and big and interesting news through social media like Facebook,
Google Plus and Twitter.
vi) If the website is
a business, online promotion can also be done by including the page in the
Google Places.
Points to Avoid
i) Attempting to
promote each new, small piece of content you create through social media.
ii) Involving your
site in schemes where you’re content is artificially promoted through social
media.
iii) Spamming link
requests out to all sites related to your topic area.
iv) Purchasing links
from another site with the aim of getting PageRank instead of traffic.
v) Posting news
regarding the launch of the website in some unrelated groups.
7. Other Search Engine Optimization Techniques: Though a few Search Engine Optimization tips are not
mentioned in the “Google’s Search Engine Optimization (SEO) Starter
Guide” however, they are proved to be helping in
producing positive results. The choice is with the webmaster or website
developer, how he/she uses these points of consideration for getting high rank
in the search engine results list. Among them are
a) Users Selection from Search Result Page: Many search engine keep the records of how many times
people chosen a particular page from previous search results list and
accordingly determine the rank in the future search list.
b) Ranking in Human Edited Directories: The page that is rated high in the human generated
directory also has the scope to get a high rank in many of the search engine
result list.
c) Frequency of a Specific Keyword: Frequency of the specified words in the document highly
influences the ranking in a search engine.
d) 301 Redirect:
Setting up a 301 redirect from non-preferred URLs to the dominant URL is also a
good solution. One may also use canonical URL or use the
rel="canonical" link element if there is a problem with redirect.
e) Meta Keywords: It
is also good practice to consider including the keyword inside the <meta
/> tag. The inclusion of both name =“description” and name=“keywords” is
essential.
f) Bigger Sites are Better:
Some websites are bigger than others by several orders of magnitude. Bigger may
be better as far as rankings are concerned.
g) Following W3C Guideline:
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is an international consortium where member
organizations, a full-time staff, and the public work together to develop Web
standards. One way to achieve a good search engine ranking is to follow the
guidelines of W3C. The following validators can be used to make your
website W3C compliance-
i) Log Validator: Log Validator is a web server log analysis tool with
focus on the quality of Web documents. This tool helps improve the quality of a
whole site, step by step, by finding the most popular documents that need to be
fixed in priority.
ii) MarkUp Validator: MarkUp Validator
(http://validator.w3.org) also known as the HTML validator, helps check Web
documents in formats like HTML and XHTML, SVG or MathML.
iii) Link Checker: The Link Checker (http://validator.w3.org/checklink)
checks anchors (hyperlinks) in a HTML/XHTML document or full Websites and is
useful to find broken links.
iv) CSS Validator: The CSS Validator (http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/)
validates CSS stylesheets or documents that use CSS stylesheets.
v) Unicorn: Unicorn (http://validator.w3.org/unicorn/) is W3C's
Unified Validator.
8. Tools to Monitor the Website: To know whether you are doing right or wrong or in which
direction you are leading your website, you can use some of the free tools
available over the web.
a) Make use of Free Webmaster Tools: Google Webmaster Tool help website developer to know how
Google is interacting with the website and by this way can get useful
information about the website regarding what is going right and what is going
wrong. It helps to identify the issues that need to be addressed. Yahoo! Site
Explorer and Bing Webmaster Tools also offer free tools for webmasters.
b) Analytics of the Website: Web analytics is the measurement, collection, analysis and reporting of web
data for purposes of understanding and optimizing web usage. Web analytics is
not just a tool for measuring web traffic but can be used as a tool to assess
and improve the effectiveness of a website. Google Analytics is the most widely
used on-site web analytics service; although new tools are emerging that
provide additional layers of information, including heat maps and session
replay. The source of traffic of the website, the
type of browser users are using to access the website, the time spent on a
particular page and such others data can be gathered by using the Google
Analytics.
c) Google Website Optimizer:
Google Website Optimizer was a free website optimization tool that helped
online marketers and webmasters increase visitor conversion rates and overall
visitor satisfaction by continually testing different combinations of website
content.
9. Conclusion: Search Engine
Optimization techniques change with time and even the same technique does not
work for different kinds of search engines. Changing
search engine policies, people’s ignorance about the SEO techniques are the
issues that need to be dealt with while heading towards the SEO. Kindly note if
implied wrongly even the person who claims to
have knowledge of the search engine optimization can bring a negative impact to
the website. SEO requires basic knowledge of a
website's META tags, finding out keywords people most likely to input into a
search engine, an ability to learn which keywords and key-phrases to focus on
for the website and the ability to incorporate those keywords into content rich
and informative articles.
The
success of the website is largely depending on the search engine optimization
and if anyone wants to be found over internet then SEO is one of the most
important things and at the moment is most effective form of internet
marketing. To be listed on the top of search engine result list, your SEO
should start from the design and development of the webpage itself and after
that it is a never ending process in search of perfection and more and more web
hits. SEO is very much important and surviving strategy if you plan to make
money from people visiting your site directly by selling them something, or
indirectly by display and click through advertisement or if you have to justify
the cost of expenditure in developing any kind of websites.
How to Cite this
Article?
APA Citation, 7th Ed.: Barman, B. (2020). A comprehensive book on Library and Information Science. New
Publications.
Chicago 16th Ed.: Barman, Badan. A Comprehensive Book on Library and Information Science. Guwahati:
New Publications, 2020.
MLA Citation 8th Ed: Barman, Badan. A Comprehensive Book on Library and Information Science. New
Publications, 2020.
Dr. Badan Barman
at present working as an Assistant Professor in the
Department of Library and Information Science, Gauhati University,
Guwahati-781014, Assam, India. He is the creator of the LIS Links (http://www.lislinks.com) - India’s most popular social networking
website for Library and Information Science professionals. He also created the Open Access Journals Search Engine (OAJSE) (http://www.oajse.com), UGC NET Guide (http://www.netugc.com), Assam Archive (http://www.assamarchive.com) and LIS Study (http://www.lisstudy.com) website.
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